Teolojia ya Kiwesley na Fundisho la Wokovu — Sehemu ya 2: Upendo wa Mungu kwa Wote: Upatanisho kwa Watu WoteWesleyan Theology and the Doctrine of Salvation — Unit 2: God's Love for All: Universal Atonement

Mstari MkuuKey Verse

"Kwa maana jinsi hii Mungu aliupenda ulimwengu, hata akamtoa Mwanawe pekee, ili kila mtu amwaminiye asipotee, bali awe na uzima wa milele." (Yohana 3:16, SUV)"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life." (John 3:16, NKJV)

Malengo ya KujifunzaLearning Objectives

Utakapomaliza kipindi hiki, unapaswa kuweza:When you finish this unit, you should be able to:

1. Kueleza upatanisho (atonement) ni nini na kwa nini swali "Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya nani?" ni muhimu.1. Explain what the atonement is and why the question "For whom did Christ die?" matters.

2. Kuonyesha kutoka katika Maandiko kwamba wafuasi wa Wesley hufundisha kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya kila mtu.2. Show from Scripture that Wesleyans teach that Christ died for every person.

3. Kueleza kwa haki fundisho la Wareformed (Reformed) la upatanisho mdogo (limited atonement), pamoja na hoja zake kuu na maandiko yake makuu.3. State the Reformed doctrine of limited atonement fairly, with its main arguments and its main texts.

4. Kutoa jibu la Wesley kwa kila hoja ya Wareformed, na kueleza kwa nini upatanisho kwa watu wote si fundisho kwamba wote wataokolewa (universalism).4. Give the Wesleyan answer to each Reformed argument, and explain why universal atonement is not universalism.

5. Kueleza jinsi fundisho hili linavyounda mahubiri, uinjilisti, na faraja ambayo mchungaji humpa mtafutaji.5. Explain how this doctrine shapes preaching, evangelism and the comfort a pastor gives to a seeker.

Sauti ya Kozi HiiThe Voice of This Course

Kozi hii imeandikwa kutoka ndani ya mapokeo ya Wesley, kwa wanafunzi wa Wesley. Ni ya kihafidhina na ya kiinjilisti. Inaposema "sisi," inamaanisha makanisa yanayofuata mafundisho ya John Wesley. Ndugu zetu na dada zetu Wareformed ni Wakristo wanaompenda Bwana na Biblia, na tunaeleza mawazo yao kama wao wenyewe wangeyaeleza kabla hatujajibu. Historia ya mzozo kati ya Wesley na marafiki zake Wakalvini ilisimuliwa katika Kozi ya 1, Kipindi cha 5. Hapa tunasoma fundisho lenyewe.This course is written from inside the Wesleyan tradition, for Wesleyan students. It is conservative and evangelical. When it says "we," it means the churches that follow John Wesley's teaching. Our Reformed brothers and sisters are Christians who love the Lord and the Bible, and we state their views as they would state them before we answer. The history of the quarrel between Wesley and his Calvinist friends was told in Course 1, Unit 5. Here we study the doctrine itself.

Upatanisho ni Nini?What Is the Atonement?

Dhambi imewatenganisha watu wote na Mungu. Isaya 53:6 inasema, "Sisi sote kama kondoo tumepotea; kila mmoja wetu amegeukia njia yake mwenyewe; Bwana amemwekea yeye maovu yetu sisi sote." Paulo anaandika kwamba Mungu alimfanya Kristo, "yeye asiyejua dhambi, kuwa dhambi kwa ajili yetu; ili sisi tuwe haki ya Mungu ndani yake" (2 Wakorintho 5:21). Upatanisho ni kazi ya Kristo msalabani, ambapo alikufa mahali petu na kuchukua dhambi yetu, ili Mungu aweze kuwasamehe wenye dhambi na kufanya amani nao.Sin has separated all people from God. Isaiah 53:6 says, "All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned, every one, to his own way; and the LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all." Paul writes that God made Christ "who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him" (2 Corinthians 5:21). The atonement is the work of Christ on the cross, where He died in our place and bore our sin, so that God can forgive sinners and make peace with them.

Wakristo wanakubaliana juu ya hili. Tofauti ni juu ya kiwango chake. Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya nani? Je, alikufa tu kwa ajili ya wale ambao Mungu aliwachagua kabla ya wakati kuanza, au alikufa kwa ajili ya kila binadamu? Swali hili linagusa tabia ya Mungu, ujumbe wa mhubiri, na tumaini la mwenye dhambi.Christians agree on this. The disagreement is about its extent. For whom did Christ die? Did He die only for those whom God had chosen before time began, or did He die for every human being? The question touches the character of God, the message of the preacher, and the hope of the sinner.

Mafundisho ya WesleyThe Wesleyan Teaching

Tunafundisha kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya watu wote bila ubaguzi. Wokovu umetolewa kwa kila mtu. Unapokelewa na kila anayeamini. Neno "wote" katika "upatanisho kwa watu wote" linaeleza mwaliko, si matokeo.We teach that Christ died for all people without exception. Salvation is provided for everyone. It is received by everyone who believes. The word "universal" in "universal atonement" describes the offer, not the result.

Mafundisho yetu yanategemea maandiko wazi ya Biblia.Our teaching rests on plain texts of Scripture.

Yohana 3:16. Mungu aliupenda "ulimwengu," na "kila mtu amwaminiye" anaweza kuwa na uzima. Mwaliko huu hauna orodha ya majina.John 3:16. God loved "the world," and "whoever believes" may have life. The invitation has no list of names.

1 Yohana 2:2. "Naye mwenyewe ni kipatanisho kwa dhambi zetu; wala si kwa dhambi zetu tu, bali na kwa dhambi za ulimwengu wote mzima." Yohana anawaandikia waumini, kisha anaongeza kwamba dhabihu ya Kristo inawafikia zaidi yao, hata ulimwengu wote.1 John 2:2. "And He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world." John writes to believers, then adds that Christ's sacrifice reaches beyond them to the whole world.

Waebrania 2:9. Yesu alionja mauti "kwa ajili ya kila mtu," asema mwandishi, kwa neema ya Mungu.Hebrews 2:9. Jesus tasted death "for everyone," says the writer, by the grace of God.

1 Timotheo 2:3-6. Mungu Mwokozi wetu "anataka watu wote waokolewe, wapate kujua yaliyo kweli." Kuna Mjumbe mmoja, "mwanadamu Kristo Yesu, ambaye alijitoa mwenyewe kuwa fidia kwa ajili ya watu wote."1 Timothy 2:3-6. God our Savior "desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth." There is one Mediator, "the Man Christ Jesus, who gave Himself a ransom for all."

2 Wakorintho 5:14-15. Paulo anahoji kwamba mmoja alikufa kwa ajili ya wote, na kwa hiyo wote walikufa, na kwamba alikufa kwa ajili ya wote ili walio hai wasiwe hai tena kwa ajili yao wenyewe, bali kwa ajili yake yeye.2 Corinthians 5:14-15. Paul reasons that one died for all, and therefore all were dead, and that He died for all so that those who live should live for Him.

1 Timotheo 4:10; Tito 2:11; 2 Petro 3:9. Kila kifungu kinazungumza juu ya kusudi la Mungu la kuokoa watu wote. Petro anasema kwamba Bwana hapendi mtu yeyote apotee, bali wote wafikilie toba.1 Timothy 4:10; Titus 2:11; 2 Peter 3:9. Each passage speaks of God's saving purpose toward all people. Peter says that the Lord is not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance.

Mistari mingine inaonyesha kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya watu ambao bado wanaweza kupotea. Paulo anamwonya mwamini aliye na nguvu asimharibu kwa chakula chake ndugu "ambaye Kristo alikufa kwa ajili yake" (Warumi 14:15). Petro anazungumza juu ya walimu wa uongo wanaomkana "Bwana aliyewanunua" (2 Petro 2:1). Makala ya Dini ya Methodisti ya mwaka 1784 yanafuata mstari huo huo, yakifundisha kwamba sadaka ya Kristo msalabani ni malipo kamili kwa dhambi zote za ulimwengu mzima.Other verses show that Christ died for people who may still be lost. Paul warns a strong believer not to destroy by his food a brother "for whom Christ died" (Romans 14:15). Peter speaks of false teachers who deny "the Lord who bought them" (2 Peter 2:1). The Methodist Articles of Religion of 1784 follow the same line, teaching that the offering of Christ on the cross is the full payment for all the sins of the whole world.

Njia ya Wesley ya kulielezaThe Wesleyan way of putting it

Wanateolojia mara nyingi wamesema kwamba kifo cha Kristo kinatosha kwa wote na kinafanya kazi kwa wale wanaoamini. Wafuasi wa Wesley wanakubali maneno haya, lakini tunaweka uzito mahali tofauti na marafiki zetu Wareformed. Mungu ametoa upatanisho wa kweli kwa kila mtu. Upatanisho unakuwa na nguvu katika maisha ya mtu kupitia imani. Warumi 3:25 inasema kwamba Mungu alimweka Kristo kuwa kipatanisho "kwa imani katika damu yake." Mwokozi amefanya kila kitu kilichohitajika. Kila mwenye dhambi lazima apokee yale yaliyofanywa.Theologians have often said that Christ's death is sufficient for all and efficient for those who believe. Wesleyans accept these words, but we put the weight in a different place from our Reformed friends. God has provided a real atonement for every person. The atonement becomes effective in a person's life through faith. Romans 3:25 says that God set Christ forth as a propitiation "through faith in His blood." The Savior has done everything needed. Each sinner must receive what has been done.

Upatanisho kwa Watu Wote Si NiniWhat Universal Atonement Is Not

Watu wengine hufikiri kwamba ikiwa Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote, basi wote wataokolewa. Hilo ni fundisho la wokovu wa wote (universalism), na tunalikataa. Yesu alisema kwamba wale wasioamini wamekwisha kuhukumiwa (Yohana 3:18), naye alizungumza juu ya "adhabu ya milele" na "uzima wa milele" pamoja (Mathayo 25:46). Dawa iliyonunuliwa kwa ajili ya kila mtu haimsaidii mtu asiyetaka kuinywa.Some people think that if Christ died for all, then all will be saved. That is universalism, and we reject it. Jesus said that those who do not believe are condemned already (John 3:18), and He spoke of "everlasting punishment" and "eternal life" together (Matthew 25:46). A medicine that is bought for everyone does no good to the man who will not take it.

Wala hatufundishi kwamba watu hujiokoa wenyewe kwa kupokea zawadi. Imani si malipo. Ni mkono mtupu unaonyoshwa kupokea zawadi. Tutalisoma hili zaidi katika Vipindi vya 3 na 5.Nor do we teach that people save themselves by receiving the gift. Faith is not a payment. It is an empty hand held out for a gift. We will study this further in Units 3 and 5.

Mtazamo wa Wareformed, Ulioelezwa kwa HakiThe Reformed View, Stated Fairly

Wakristo wengi waaminifu wanaamini katika upatanisho mdogo (limited atonement), unaoitwa pia ukombozi wa pekee (particular redemption). Hili lilikuwa moja ya vichwa vitano vya mafundisho katika Kanuni za Sinodi ya Dort (1618-1619), mkutano wa Wareformed uliofanyika Uholanzi. Sinodi ilijibu Waremonstranti, waliokuwa wafuasi wa Jacobus Arminius. Waremonstranti walikuwa wameeleza hoja zao tano mwaka 1610, zikiwemo mtazamo kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote. Wareformed hufundisha kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa kusudi la kuokoa wateule peke yao. Mpuritani Mwingereza John Owen alitetea mtazamo huu kwa urefu mkubwa katika The Death of Death in the Death of Christ (Kifo cha Kifo katika Kifo cha Kristo) (1647). Wanahistoria pia wanajadili ni kwa uwazi gani John Calvin mwenyewe alifundisha upatanisho mdogo, na baadhi ya walimu wa Kireformed wanashikilia mtazamo mpana zaidi wa msalaba huku wakifundisha bado uteule usio na masharti.Many faithful Christians believe in limited atonement, also called particular redemption. This was one of the five heads of doctrine in the Canons of the Synod of Dort (1618-1619), a Reformed assembly held in the Netherlands. The Synod answered the Remonstrants, who were followers of Jacobus Arminius. The Remonstrants had stated their own five points in 1610, including the view that Christ died for all. The Reformed teach that Christ died with a saving purpose for the elect alone. The English Puritan John Owen defended this view at great length in The Death of Death in the Death of Christ (1647). Historians also debate how clearly John Calvin himself taught limited atonement, and some Reformed teachers hold a broader view of the cross while still teaching unconditional election.

Hoja zao kuu ni hizi.Their main arguments are these.

1. Hoja ya kusudi la Mungu. Ikiwa Mungu alikusudia kuokoa kila mtu kupitia msalaba, na wengi wamepotea, basi kusudi la Mungu limeshindwa. Mungu mkuu hashindwi, kwa hiyo kusudi lake lazima lilikuwa kuokoa wateule.1. The argument from God's purpose. If God intended to save everyone through the cross, and many are lost, then God's purpose has failed. A sovereign God does not fail, so His purpose must have been to save the elect.

2. Hoja ya malipo. Ikiwa Kristo alilipa adhabu ya dhambi za ulimwengu mzima, basi hakuna anayeweza kuadhibiwa kwa dhambi ambazo tayari zimelipwa. Kwa kuwa wengine wanaadhibiwa, Kristo hawezi kuwa alilipia dhambi zao.2. The argument from payment. If Christ paid the penalty for the sins of the whole world, then no one can be punished for sins that have already been paid. Since some are punished, Christ cannot have paid for them.

3. Hoja ya maandiko yanayotaja watu fulani. Yesu alisema kwamba mchungaji mwema huutoa uhai wake "kwa ajili ya kondoo" (Yohana 10:11, 15). Paulo anasema kwamba Kristo "alilipenda kanisa, akajitoa kwa ajili yake" (Waefeso 5:25). Malaika alisema kwamba Yesu angewaokoa "watu wake na dhambi zao" (Mathayo 1:21). Katika sala yake Yesu alisema kwamba hakuwa akiombea ulimwengu, bali wale ambao Baba alikuwa amempa (Yohana 17:9).3. The argument from the texts that name a particular people. Jesus said that the good shepherd lays down His life "for the sheep" (John 10:11, 15). Paul says that Christ "loved the church and gave Himself for her" (Ephesians 5:25). The angel said that Jesus would save "His people from their sins" (Matthew 1:21). In His prayer Jesus said that He was not praying for the world, but for those whom the Father had given Him (John 17:9).

4. Hoja ya maandiko ya "wote" na "ulimwengu." Walimu wa Kireformed husoma "wote" na "ulimwengu" katika mistari kama 1 Yohana 2:2 kama "watu wa kila aina," Wayahudi na Mataifa kwa pamoja, na si kila mtu mmoja mmoja.4. The argument from the "all" and "world" texts. Reformed teachers read "all" and "world" in verses like 1 John 2:2 as "all kinds of people," Jews and Gentiles alike, and not every single person.

Hizi ni hoja nzito, zinazotolewa na walimu makini, na mchungaji wa Wesley anapaswa kuzijua.These are serious arguments, made by serious teachers, and a Wesleyan pastor should know them.

Jibu la WesleyThe Wesleyan Answer

Kwa hoja ya 1 (kusudi la Mungu). Hoja hii inadhani kwamba chochote Mungu anachotaka lazima kitokee. Lakini Biblia inamwonyesha Mungu akitamani mambo ambayo hayatokei. Yesu alilia juu ya Yerusalemu: "Mara ngapi nalitaka kuwakusanya watoto wako... msitake!" (Mathayo 23:37). Mungu amewapa watu jibu la kweli la kutoa. Kusudi la Mungu halishindwi watu wanapokataa, kwa kuwa kusudi lake siku zote lilikuwa kutoa wokovu kwa masharti ya imani. Katika kuumba viumbe huru, Mungu alichagua kuwa Baba mwenye upendo badala ya nguvu inayosogeza vikaragosi. Huu ni uchaguzi wa Mungu mkuu.To argument 1 (God's purpose). The argument assumes that whatever God desires must happen. But the Bible shows God desiring things that do not happen. Jesus wept over Jerusalem: "How often I wanted to gather your children together... but you were not willing!" (Matthew 23:37). God has given people a real response to make. God's purpose is not defeated when people refuse, because His purpose was always to offer salvation on the terms of faith. In making free creatures, God chose to be a loving Father rather than a force that moves puppets. This is the sovereign choice of a sovereign God.

Kwa hoja ya 2 (malipo). Maandiko hayaeleza msalaba kama malipo ya benki yanayofuta deni la kila mtu moja kwa moja. Yanaeleza dhabihu na fidia inayopokelewa kwa imani. Paulo anaandika kwamba hata waumini walikuwa "kwa asili watoto wa hasira, kama na wale wengine" (Waefeso 2:3) hadi walipoamini. Kwa hiyo kuwa chini ya msalaba hakumwondoi mtu kwenye ghadhabu mpaka imani imuunganishe na Kristo. Upatanisho unatosha kwa wote, na unatumika kwa wale wanaoamini.To argument 2 (payment). Scripture does not describe the cross as a bank payment that cancels each person's debt automatically. It describes a sacrifice and a ransom received through faith. Paul writes that even believers were "by nature children of wrath, just as the others" (Ephesians 2:3) until they believed. So being under the cross does not remove a person from wrath until faith unites him to Christ. The atonement is sufficient for all, and it is applied to those who believe.

Kwa hoja ya 3 (maandiko yanayotaja watu). Kila moja ya maandiko haya ni kweli, lakini hakuna linalosema "peke yao." Paulo anaweza kusema, "Mwana wa Mungu, aliyenipenda, akajitoa kwa ajili yangu" (Wagalatia 2:20), na hakuna anayefikiri hii inamaanisha kwamba hakuwafia wengine. Mume anaweza kusema kwamba alijitoa kwa ajili ya mke wake bila kumaanisha kwamba hawapendi watoto wake. Kondoo, kanisa na watu wake ni wale wanaoitikia. Maandiko yanayosema "wote" na "ulimwengu" lazima yaheshimiwe kama yale yanayosema "kondoo" na "kanisa."To argument 3 (texts naming a people). Each of these texts is true, but none says "only." Paul can say, "the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me" (Galatians 2:20), and no one thinks this means He did not die for others. A husband may say that he gave himself for his wife without implying that he did not love his children. The sheep, the church and His people are those who respond. The texts that say "all" and "world" must be given the same honor as the texts that say "sheep" and "church."

Kwa hoja ya 4 (maana ya "wote" na "ulimwengu"). Usomaji wa "watu wa kila aina" hauwezi kubeba kila kifungu. Katika 1 Yohana 2:2 Yohana anasema dhabihu ni kwa ajili ya dhambi zetu "wala si kwa dhambi zetu tu," ambayo ina maana kwamba inafikia mbali zaidi ya waumini anaowaandikia. Katika 2 Petro 2:1, watu wanaomkana Bwana "aliyewanunua" ni walimu wa uongo watakaoangamizwa. Katika Warumi 14:15 ndugu anaweza kuharibiwa, ingawa Kristo alikufa kwa ajili yake. Usomaji rahisi zaidi ni kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya kila mtu.To argument 4 (the meaning of "all" and "world"). The reading "all kinds of people" cannot carry every passage. In 1 John 2:2 John says the sacrifice is for our sins "and not for ours only," which means that it goes further than the believers he is writing to. In 2 Peter 2:1, men who deny the Lord "who bought them" are false teachers who will be destroyed. In Romans 14:15 a brother may be destroyed, though Christ died for him. The simplest reading is that Christ died for each person.

Wasiwasi wa ziada: mwaliko wa dhati. Mhubiri anayesimama mbele ya umati na kusema, "Kristo alikufa kwa ajili yako," anasema ukweli tu ikiwa Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote. Marafiki zetu Wareformed hujibu kwamba mwaliko wa injili ni wa dhati kwa sababu kila mwenye kuamini ataokolewa. Tunajibu kwamba mwaliko una nguvu yake kamili tu ikiwa kifo cha Mwokozi kilikuwa kweli kwa ajili ya mtu anayeambiwa. Uzito wa Maandiko, kuanzia "Mungu aliupenda ulimwengu" hadi "kila mtu," unakubaliana na hili.An added concern: the sincere offer. A preacher who stands before a crowd and says, "Christ died for you," speaks truly only if Christ died for all. Our Reformed friends answer that the gospel offer is sincere because everyone who believes will be saved. We reply that the offer carries its full power only if the Savior's death was truly for the person being addressed. The weight of Scripture, from "God so loved the world" to "whoever," agrees with this.

Kwa Nini Fundisho Hili ni MuhimuWhy This Doctrine Matters

John Wesley alihubiri juu ya swali hili mwaka 1739 katika mahubiri yake "Neema ya Bure" (Free Grace), na alilirudia katika kazi ndefu zaidi mwaka 1752 iitwayo Predestination Calmly Considered (Kuzingatia Uchaguzi wa Tangu Awali kwa Utulivu). Aliona kwamba fundisho hili halikuwa mjadala wa wasomi tu. Linagusa tabia ya Mungu. Ikiwa Mungu amechagua kutowaokoa watu wengi na hata hajatoa msalaba kwa ajili yao, basi ni vigumu zaidi kusema kwamba "Mungu ni upendo" (1 Yohana 4:8) kwa namna ambayo Yohana anamaanisha. Fundisho la Wesley linatuwezesha kusema kwa kila mwanamume na mwanamke, "Mungu anakupenda na Kristo alikufa kwa ajili yako."John Wesley preached on this question in 1739 in his sermon "Free Grace," and he returned to it in a longer work in 1752 called Predestination Calmly Considered. He saw that the doctrine was not a debate for scholars only. It touches God's character. If God has chosen not to save most people and has not even provided a cross for them, then it is harder to say that "God is love" (1 John 4:8) in the way that John means it. The Wesleyan teaching lets us say, to every man and woman, "God loves you and Christ died for you."

Linaunda mahubiri yetu. Wesley alihubiri kwa wachimba makaa, kwa wakulima, kwa wahalifu na kwa matajiri, naye aliutazama ulimwengu wote kama jimbo lake. Kwa kuwa Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote, hakuna mwenye dhambi anayeweza kukataliwa kama aliye nje ya kufikiwa na msalaba. Linaunda misheni zetu. Tunawatuma wamisionari kwa mataifa kwa sababu Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya mataifa. Linaunda faraja yetu. Mwenye dhambi aliye na shida si lazima ajiulize kama yuko miongoni mwa wateule kabla ya kumwamini Kristo. Msalaba ni kwa ajili yake.It shapes our preaching. Wesley preached to colliers, to farmers, to criminals and to the rich, and he looked upon all the world as his parish. Because Christ died for all, no sinner can be turned away as beyond the reach of the cross. It shapes our missions. We send missionaries to the nations because Christ died for the nations. It shapes our comfort. A troubled sinner does not have to ask whether he is among the chosen before he can trust Christ. The cross is for him.

Na linaunda unyenyekevu wetu. Kwa kuwa upatanisho ni zawadi inayotolewa kwa wote, wale wanaoamini hawana haki ya kujisifu, na wale waliopotea hawana wa kulaumu ila kutokuamini kwao wenyewe.And it shapes our humility. Because the atonement is a gift offered to all, those who believe have no right to boast, and those who are lost have no one to blame but their own unbelief.

Matumizi ya KichungajiPastoral Application

Mchungaji katika kijiji cha milimani anamtembelea Rosa, mwanamke mzee ambaye amekuwa akija ibadani kwa miezi kadhaa. Ana huzuni. Jirani yake, anayehudhuria kanisa lingine, alimwambia kwamba Kristo alikufa tu kwa ajili ya wale ambao Mungu aliwachagua mapema. "Nitajuaje kama mimi ni mmoja wao?" anauliza. "Labda nimekuwa nikipoteza wakati wangu."A pastor in a mountain village visits Rosa, an older woman who has come to the services for several months. She is troubled. A neighbor, who attends another church, told her that Christ died only for those whom God chose beforehand. "How do I know if I am one of them?" she asks. "Maybe I have been wasting my time."

Mchungaji hamtukani jirani. Anasema kwamba Wakristo wengi wema hushikilia mtazamo huo, kisha anafungua Biblia pamoja na Rosa. Anasoma Yohana 3:16 polepole na kumwomba atambue maneno "ulimwengu" na "kila mtu." Anasoma 1 Yohana 2:2. Anamwambia kwamba mikono ya Kristo ilinyooshwa msalabani kwa ajili ya kila mwenye dhambi, na kwamba hakuna kitu katika Biblia kinachomtaka atafute kwanza orodha ya majina iliyofichwa. Haombwi kusoma siri za Mungu. Anaombwa kutubu na kuamini.The pastor does not insult the neighbor. He says that many good Christians hold that view, and then he opens the Bible with Rosa. He reads John 3:16 slowly and asks her to notice the words "the world" and "whoever." He reads 1 John 2:2. He tells her that Christ's arms were stretched out on the cross for every sinner, and that nothing in the Bible asks her to look first for a hidden list of names. She is not asked to read the secrets of God. She is asked to repent and believe.

Kisha anaomba pamoja naye, na anamkaribisha aje kwa Kristo siku hiyo hiyo. Anamwambia kwamba yeyote anayeliitia jina la Bwana ataokolewa. Jumapili iliyofuata Rosa anakuja mbele ibadani.Then he prays with her, and he invites her to come to Christ that very day. He tells her that anyone who calls on the Lord will be saved. The next Sunday Rosa comes forward in the service.

MuhtasariSummary

Upatanisho ni kifo cha Kristo mahali petu kwa ajili ya dhambi yetu. Wafuasi wa Wesley hufundisha kwamba alikufa kwa ajili ya kila mtu, na kwamba kifo chake kinapokelewa kwa imani. Maandiko makuu ni Yohana 3:16, 1 Yohana 2:2, Waebrania 2:9 na 1 Timotheo 2:3-6. Hili si fundisho la wokovu wa wote, kwa sababu wale tu wanaoamini ndio wanaopokea faida yake. Wareformed hufundisha upatanisho mdogo, uliotetewa katika Sinodi ya Dort (1618-1619) na John Owen, kwa hoja za kusudi la Mungu, malipo, maandiko kuhusu kondoo na kanisa, na usomaji wa "wote" kama "wa kila aina." Tunajibu kwamba matakwa ya Mungu yanaweza kukataliwa, kwamba Maandiko yanazungumza juu ya dhabihu inayopokelewa kwa imani, kwamba maandiko yanayotaja watu fulani hayasemi "peke yao," na kwamba "ulimwengu" na "wote" haviwezi kupunguzwa katika vifungu vilivyotajwa hapo juu. Fundisho hili linaunda mahubiri yetu, misheni zetu na faraja tunayowapa wenye dhambi.The atonement is Christ's death in our place for our sin. Wesleyans teach that He died for every person, and that His death is received through faith. Key texts include John 3:16, 1 John 2:2, Hebrews 2:9 and 1 Timothy 2:3-6. This is not universalism, because only those who believe receive the benefit. The Reformed teach limited atonement, defended at the Synod of Dort (1618-1619) and by John Owen, with arguments from God's purpose, payment, texts about the sheep and the church, and a reading of "all" as "all kinds." We answer that God's desires can be refused, that Scripture speaks of sacrifice received through faith, that the particular texts do not say "only," and that "world" and "all" cannot be reduced in the passages above. The doctrine shapes our preaching, our missions and the comfort we give to sinners.

Usomaji ZaidiFurther Reading

• John Wesley, "Free Grace" (Mahubiri ya 110) (Neema ya Bure), katika Mahubiri ya Kawaida (Standard Sermons).• John Wesley, "Free Grace" (Sermon 110), in the Standard Sermons.

• John Wesley, Predestination Calmly Considered (1752) (Kuzingatia Uchaguzi wa Tangu Awali kwa Utulivu).• John Wesley, Predestination Calmly Considered (1752).

• John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (Maelezo ya Ufafanuzi juu ya Agano Jipya), juu ya Yohana 3:16 na 1 Yohana 2:2.• John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, on John 3:16 and 1 John 2:2.

• Makala ya Dini ya Methodisti (1784), makala juu ya sadaka moja ya Kristo.• The Methodist Articles of Religion (1784), the article on the one offering of Christ.

• Kanuni za Sinodi ya Dort (1618-1619) (The Canons of the Synod of Dort), kwa msimamo wa Wareformed kwa maneno yao wenyewe.• The Canons of the Synod of Dort (1618-1619), for the Reformed position in its own words.

• John Owen, The Death of Death in the Death of Christ (1647) (Kifo cha Kifo katika Kifo cha Kristo), hoja ya Wareformed.• John Owen, The Death of Death in the Death of Christ (1647), a Reformed argument.

• Sehemu za Kiarminiani za kozi ya Teolojia ya Mfumo ya CTS (CTSST).• The Arminian sections of the CTS Systematic Theology course (CTSST).

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