Huduma ya Kichungaji, Uinjilisti na Misheni ya Ulimwengu ya Kiwesley — Sehemu ya 2: Kuhubiri kwa Ajili ya Uamuzi na Ukuaji katika NeemaWesleyan Pastoral Ministry, Evangelism, and Global Missions — Unit 2: Preaching for Decision and Growth in Grace

Mstari MkuuKey Verse

"Lihubiri neno; kaza mwendo, wakati ukufaao na wakati usiokufaa; kemea, karipia, onya, kwa uvumilivu wote na elimu." (2 Timotheo 4:2, SUV)"Preach the word! Be ready in season and out of season. Convince, rebuke, exhort, with all longsuffering and teaching." (2 Timothy 4:2, NKJV)

Malengo ya KujifunzaLearning Objectives

Ukimaliza kipindi hiki, utaweza:When you finish this unit, you should be able to:

1. Kueleza kwa nini Wawesley huhubiri kwa ajili ya uamuzi, kwa kutumia upatanisho kwa wote, neema itangulizayo na neema inayoweza kupingwa.1. Explain why Wesleyans preach for a decision, using universal atonement, prevenient grace and resistible grace.

2. Kueleza picha ya Wesley ya maisha ya Kikristo kama toba, imani na utakatifu, na kuonyesha jinsi inavyoumba mahubiri.2. Describe Wesley's picture of the Christian life as repentance, faith and holiness, and show how it shapes a sermon.

3. Kueleza kwa nini waumini wanahitaji mahubiri yanayolenga ukuaji katika neema, na kutaja mada nne kwa ajili yake.3. Explain why believers need preaching aimed at growth in grace, and name four themes for it.

4. Kuorodhesha hatua za mahubiri rahisi ya Kiwesley, kuanzia andiko hadi mwaliko na hatua inayofuata.4. List the steps of a plain Wesleyan sermon, from the text to the invitation and the next step.

5. Kueleza pingamizi kwamba kuhubiri kwa uamuzi ni ujanja au ni "matendo," na kutoa majibu ya Kiwesley.5. State the objections that decision preaching is manipulative or "works" and give the Wesleyan answers.

Sauti ya Kozi HiiThe Voice of This Course

Kozi hii imeandikwa kutoka ndani ya mapokeo ya Kiwesley, kwa ajili ya wachungaji walio ndani yake. Tunashikilia kwamba Biblia ni Neno la Mungu lililopuliziwa, kwamba Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote, kwamba neema ya Mungu hutangulia chaguo letu, na kwamba huwaita watu wake kwenye utakatifu. Wakristo wengine hutofautiana katika baadhi ya mambo; tunaeleza mitazamo yao kwa haki kisha tunajibu. Tazama Kozi 2 kwa fundisho linalosimama nyuma ya kipindi hiki.This course is written from inside the Wesleyan tradition, for pastors who belong to it. We hold that the Bible is God's inspired Word, that Christ died for all, that God's grace goes before our choice, and that He calls His people to holiness. Other Christians differ on some points; we state their views fairly and then answer. See Course 2 for the doctrine behind this unit.

Ukweli Rahisi kwa Watu wa KawaidaPlain Truth for Plain People

John Wesley alichapisha vitabu vyake vya kwanza vya mahubiri katika miaka ya 1740, na katika dibaji alisema kwamba alitaka kusema "ukweli rahisi kwa watu wa kawaida" (plain truth for plain people). Alitaka wachimba migodi wa kawaida, wakulima, watumishi na wauza maduka waielewe njia ya wokovu. Mahubiri yake mengi bado yanasomwa kama vipimo vya mafundisho kwa Wamethodisti; Kozi 2 inayachunguza.John Wesley published his first volumes of sermons in the 1740s, and in the preface he said that he wanted to speak "plain truth for plain people." He wanted ordinary miners, farmers, servants and shopkeepers to understand the way of salvation. Many of his sermons are still read as doctrinal standards for Methodists; Course 2 studies them.

Mahubiri ya Wesley yalikuwa na alama tatu. Yalikuwa ya kibiblia: yeye alikuwa, kama alivyosema kuhusu yeye mwenyewe, mtu wa kitabu kimoja, naye alijaribu kueleza andiko. Yalikuwa rahisi: sentensi zake zilikuwa fupi na lengo lake lilikuwa wazi. Yalilenga dhamiri: hakuhubiri ili kuonyesha elimu yake bali ili kuwaleta wasikilizaji kwa Kristo kisha kuwaleta Wakristo kwenye ukomavu.Wesley's preaching was marked by three things. It was biblical: he was, as he said of himself, a man of one book, and he tried to explain the text. It was plain: his sentences were short and his aim was clear. It was aimed at the conscience: he did not preach to show his learning but to bring hearers to Christ and then to bring Christians on to maturity.

Wengi wenu mnahubiri kwa wasikilizaji wanaozungumza lugha zaidi ya moja au waliosoma kidogo. Kuweni rahisi. Mahubiri ambayo hakuna anayeyaelewa hayajahubiriwa.Many of you preach to hearers who speak more than one language or have little schooling. Be plain. A sermon that no one understands has not been preached.

Kwa Nini Wawesley Huhubiri kwa Ajili ya UamuziWhy Wesleyans Preach for a Decision

Petro alipohubiri siku ya Pentekoste, wasikilizaji waliuliza, "Ndugu, tufanye nini?" naye akajibu, "Tubuni, mkabatizwe kila mmoja wenu kwa jina lake Yesu Kristo, mwapateondoleo la dhambi" (Matendo 2:37-38). Paulo aliwaambia Waathene kwamba Mungu "sasa anawaamuru watu wote kila mahali watubu" (Matendo 17:30). Alisema kuhusu yeye mwenyewe na wasaidizi wake, "twawasihi kwa niaba ya Kristo mpatanishwe na Mungu" (2 Wakorintho 5:20). Mahubiri ya Agano Jipya yanaomba jibu.When Peter preached at Pentecost, the hearers asked, "Men and brethren, what shall we do?" and he answered, "Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins" (Acts 2:37-38). Paul told the Athenians that God "now commands all men everywhere to repent" (Acts 17:30). He said of himself and his helpers, "We implore you on Christ's behalf, be reconciled to God" (2 Corinthians 5:20). The New Testament sermon asks for an answer.

Wawesley wana sababu tatu za kimafundisho za kuhubiri hivi.Wesleyans have three doctrinal reasons to preach this way.

Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote. Mungu "anataka watu wote waokolewe, tena waifikie kweli" (1 Timotheo 2:4). Kwa kuwa upatanisho ni kwa ajili ya wote, mhubiri anaweza kumwambia kwa uaminifu kila mtu aliye chumbani, "Kristo alikufa kwa ajili yako."Christ died for all. God "desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth" (1 Timothy 2:4). Because the atonement is for all, the preacher can honestly say to any person in the room, "Christ died for you."

Neema ya Mungu hutangulia. Wesley alifundisha kile tunachokiita neema itangulizayo (prevenient grace): Mungu humpa kila mtu nuru na msaada wa kutosha ili aweze kuitikia, ingawa hawezi kujiokoa mwenyewe. Mwenye dhambi haanzishi kazi hiyo. Anaijibu. Ndiyo maana mwito si dai la kumtaka asiye na uwezo ajiinue mwenyewe. Ni mwaliko wa kushika kile Mungu anachokitoa tayari.God's grace comes first. Wesley taught what we call prevenient grace: God gives to every person enough light and help that he is able to respond, even though he cannot save himself. The sinner does not begin the work. He answers it. This is why the call is not a demand that the helpless lift himself up. It is an invitation to take hold of what God is already offering.

Neema inaweza kupingwa. Stefano aliliambia baraza kwamba "siku zote mnampinga Roho Mtakatifu" (Matendo 7:51). Mhubiri wa Kiwesley humsihi msikilizaji ajibu kwa sababu jibu hilo ni la kweli, na lina umuhimu.Grace can be resisted. Stephen told the council that they "always resist the Holy Spirit" (Acts 7:51). The Wesleyan preacher urges a hearer to answer because the answer is real, and it matters.

Sababu hizi tatu zinaeleza mtindo: wa uchangamfu, wa moja kwa moja, wa bidii. Mhubiri wa Kiwesley humsemesha msikilizaji kama "wewe," si kuhusu "wao" tu. Hangoji hadi mwisho wa ibada kusema jambo kwa moyo.These three reasons explain a style: warm, direct, earnest. The Wesleyan preacher speaks to the hearer as "you," not only about "them." He does not wait until the end of the service to say something to the heart.

Picha ya Wesley: Toba, Imani, UtakatifuWesley's Picture: Repentance, Faith, Holiness

Wesley mara nyingi alieleza maisha ya Kikristo kwa picha ya nyumba. Toba ni baraza, imani ni mlango, na utakatifu ni nyumba yenyewe, dini ya kweli. (Alitumia picha hii katika maandishi yake ya kutetea mafundisho ya Methodisti.) Picha hii humpa mhubiri muhtasari rahisi wa huduma nzima.Wesley often described the Christian life by a picture of a house. Repentance is the porch, faith is the door, and holiness is the house itself, true religion. (He used this picture in his writings defending Methodist teaching.) The picture gives a preacher a simple outline for a whole ministry.

Toba. Mhubiri huonyesha hitaji la msikilizaji. Sheria ya Mungu na Neno la Mungu huonyesha kwamba tumepungukiwa (Warumi 3:23). Wesley alitumia sheria kama kioo na kama mwongozo. Toba si kuhisi huzuni tu; ni mabadiliko ya nia yanayogeuka kutoka dhambini kwenda kwa Mungu. Mhubiri lazima aseme wazi dhambi ni nini, lakini asikae hapo.Repentance. The preacher shows the hearer his need. The law of God and the Word of God show that we have fallen short (Romans 3:23). Wesley used the law as a mirror and as a guide. Repentance is not only feeling sorry; it is a change of mind that turns from sin to God. The preacher must say plainly what sin is, but he must not stay there.

Imani. Mhubiri humtoa Kristo. Wokovu ni "kwa neema, kwa njia ya imani; wala hilo halikutokana na nafsi zenu; ni kipawa cha Mungu" (Waefeso 2:8). Mhubiri husema Kristo amefanya nini, na humwalika msikilizaji kumwamini sasa. Mahubiri ya Wesley "Salvation by Faith" (Wokovu kwa Imani) (yaliyohubiriwa Oxford mwaka 1738) ni kielelezo kizuri cha mafundisho rahisi kuhusu jambo hili. Alifundisha pia kwamba mtu anaweza kujua kuwa amesamehewa, kwa ushuhuda wa Roho (Warumi 8:16; tazama Kozi 2, Kipindi cha 7).Faith. The preacher offers Christ. Salvation is "by grace . . . through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God" (Ephesians 2:8). The preacher tells what Christ has done, and invites the hearer to trust Him now. Wesley's sermon "Salvation by Faith" (preached at Oxford in 1738) is a good model of simple teaching on this point. He also taught that a person can know that he is forgiven, by the witness of the Spirit (Romans 8:16; see Course 2, Unit 7).

Utakatifu. Mhubiri huonyesha neema inapoelekeza. Kuzaliwa upya ni mlango, si mwisho. Kusudi la Mungu ni moyo uliofanywa upya katika upendo, ili tumpende Mungu na jirani yetu (Mathayo 22:37-39). Mahubiri yanayotoa msamaha lakini hayaiti kwenye maisha matakatifu ni nusu ya mahubiri.Holiness. The preacher shows where grace leads. The new birth is the door, not the end. God's purpose is a heart renewed in love, so that we love God and our neighbor (Matthew 22:37-39). A sermon that offers forgiveness but does not call to holy living is half a sermon.

Mahubiri ya Kiwesley hayahitaji sehemu zote tatu kila Jumapili, lakini huduma haipaswi kuacha mojawapo kwa muda mrefu.A Wesleyan sermon does not need all three parts every Sunday, but a ministry should not leave any of them out for long.

Kuhubiri kwa Ajili ya Ukuaji katika NeemaPreaching for Growth in Grace

Petro anamaliza barua yake ya pili kwa amri kwa waumini: "bali kuweni katika neema na katika kumjua Bwana wetu na Mwokozi Yesu Kristo" (2 Petro 3:18). Wesley alihubiri kwa watu waliokwisha kuongoka mara nyingi kama alivyohubiri kwa wale ambao hawajaongoka. Jumuiya zilikutana ili kufundishwa, kuonywa na kutiwa moyo. Kanisa linalosikia mahubiri ya "hatua za kwanza" tu litabaki dogo katika imani, na kanisa linalosikia mafundisho ya hali ya juu tu halitawafikia waliopotea.Peter ends his second letter with a command for believers: "but grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (2 Peter 3:18). Wesley preached to people who had already been converted as often as to those who had not. The societies met to be taught, warned and encouraged. A church that hears only the "first steps" sermon will stay small in faith, and a church that hears only advanced teaching will not reach the lost.

Hizi ni mada nne za kuhubiri kwa waumini zinazofaa mapokeo ya Kiwesley.Here are four themes for preaching to believers that suit the Wesleyan tradition.

Uhakika wa wokovu na matunda yake. Waumini wafundishwe kwamba Roho wa Mungu hushuhudia pamoja na roho zetu kwamba tu watoto wa Mungu (Warumi 8:16), na kwamba uhakika huo umekusudiwa kukua kuwa maisha ya utii na furaha.Assurance and its fruit. Believers should be taught that God's Spirit bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God (Romans 8:16), and that assurance is meant to grow into a life of obedience and joy.

Upendo mkamilifu. Kozi 3 ilifundisha kwamba ukamilifu wa Kikristo ni upendo mkamilifu, si ukamilifu usio na dhambi. Mhubiri huliwekea kanisa ahadi kwamba Mungu anaweza kuujaza moyo kwa upendo (Ezekieli 36:25-27; 1 Yohana 4:18). Katika mapokeo yetu swali la jinsi na wakati upendo huu hupokelewa linashikiliwa kwa njia mbili: mtazamo wa Utakatifu (Holiness) wa kazi ya pili ya neema, na mtazamo wa Kimethodisti wa ukuaji katika upendo mkamilifu ambao unaweza kupokelewa kwa papo hapo lakini hufikiwa kupitia kazi ya taratibu. Hubiri ahadi na mwito wa kuutafuta. Usigeuze mahubiri kuwa ugomvi kuhusu njia.Perfect love. Course 3 taught that Christian perfection is perfect love, not sinless perfection. The preacher sets before the congregation the promise that God can fill the heart with love (Ezekiel 36:25-27; 1 John 4:18). In our tradition the question of how and when this is received is held in two ways: the Holiness view of a second work of grace, and the Methodist view of growth in perfect love that may be received in a moment but is approached through gradual work. Preach the promise and the call to seek it. Do not make the sermon a quarrel over the method.

Njia za neema. Fundisha kanisa kutumia yale Mungu aliyoyaweka: maombi, Maandiko, Meza ya Bwana, kufunga na ushirika. Wesley alifundisha kwamba waumini wazishike njia hizi, wasizichukulie kuwa chanzo cha neema bali mifereji ambayo Mungu hutoa neema kupitia hiyo.The means of grace. Teach the congregation to use what God has appointed: prayer, Scripture, the Lord's Supper, fasting and fellowship. Wesley taught that believers should keep to these means, and not to treat them as the cause of grace but as the channels through which God gives it.

Maonyo na uvumilivu hadi mwisho. Mapokeo ya Kiwesley hushikilia kwamba muumini anaweza kuanguka kwa kuendelea kutoamini, na kwamba anaweza kurejeshwa (Kozi 2, Kipindi cha 9). Mwandishi wa Waebrania anaonya, "Angalieni, ndugu, lisiwepo kwa mtu awaye yote miongoni mwenu moyo mbovu wa kutoamini, hata kujitenga na Mungu aliye hai" (Waebrania 3:12). Maonyo kama hayo hutolewa kwa upendo, pamoja na ahadi kwamba Mungu anaweza kuwalinda wale wanaomtumaini.Warnings and perseverance. The Wesleyan tradition holds that a believer can fall away by continued unbelief, and that he can be restored (Course 2, Unit 9). The author of Hebrews warns, "Beware, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God" (Hebrews 3:12). Such warnings must be given in love, with the promise that God is able to keep those who trust Him.

Kuhubiri kwa ajili ya ukuaji kunamaanisha pia kufundisha shauri lote la Mungu (Matendo 20:27). Mchungaji anayehubiri maandiko anayoyapenda tu atawaacha watu wake wakiwa dhaifu. Kuhubiri kitabu kizima cha Biblia husaidia kulinda kanisa dhidi ya mazoea ya mhubiri.Preaching for growth also means teaching the whole counsel of God (Acts 20:27). A pastor who preaches only his favorite texts will leave his people thin. Preaching through a book of the Bible helps protect the congregation from the preacher's habits.

Umbo la Mahubiri Rahisi ya KiwesleyThe Shape of a Plain Wesleyan Sermon

Hakuna umbo moja. Lakini hatua zifuatazo zimewasaidia wahubiri wengi wa Kiwesley, na zinafaa kwa mchungaji mwenye wakati mchache.There is no single form. But the following steps have served many Wesleyan preachers, and they are suitable for a pastor with little time.

1. Chagua andiko na lisome kwa makini. Acha kifungu kiweke mada. Uliza kilimaanisha nini kwa wasikilizaji wake wa kwanza.1. Choose a text and read it carefully. Let the passage set the subject. Ask what it meant to its first hearers.

2. Eleza hoja kuu kwa sentensi moja. Usipoweza kuisema kwa sentensi moja, mahubiri hayatakuwa wazi.2. State the main point in one sentence. If you cannot say it in one sentence, the sermon will not be clear.

3. Eleza andiko kwa maneno rahisi. Fafanua maneno magumu. Tumia hadithi fupi au picha kutoka maisha ya kila siku ikisaidia. Tumia manukuu machache.3. Explain the text in plain words. Define hard words. Use a short story or a picture from daily life if it helps. Use few quotations.

4. Semesha dhamiri. Uliza andiko linamtaka msikilizaji afanye nini. Taja dhambi na mahitaji kwa uaminifu, kwa upendo.4. Speak to the conscience. Ask what the text requires of the hearer. Name sins and needs honestly, with love.

5. Mtoe Kristo. Onyesha Mungu amefanya nini na anaahidi kufanya nini. Hubiri injili kwa Wakristo pia, kwa maana wanahitaji neema kila siku.5. Offer Christ. Show what God has done and promises to do. Preach the gospel to Christians too, for they need grace every day.

6. Alika jibu. Sema unataka msikilizaji afanye nini: atubu, aamini, aombe, asamehe, ashukuru, amtafute Bwana kwa moyo safi.6. Invite a response. Say what you want the hearer to do: repent, believe, pray, forgive, give thanks, seek the Lord for a clean heart.

7. Toa hatua inayofuata. Waambie watu waende wapi: madhabahuni, kwa mchungaji baada ya ibada, kwenye darasa au kikundi cha nyumbani juma hili.7. Give a next step. Tell people where to go: to the altar, to the pastor after the service, to a class or home group this week.

Omba kabla na baada. Roho peke yake ndiye awezaye kuufunua "ulimwengu kuhusu dhambi na haki na hukumu" (Yohana 16:8). Mhubiri hupanda na kunyweshea, lakini Mungu ndiye anayekuza (1 Wakorintho 3:6).Pray before and after. Only the Spirit can convict "the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment" (John 16:8). The preacher plants and waters, but God gives the increase (1 Corinthians 3:6).

Mwaliko: Historia na MazoeaThe Invitation: History and Practice

Njia ya kualika jibu imebadilika kwa wakati. Wesley, katika kuhubiri kwake nje, aliwaita wasikilizaji watubu na waamini, kisha aliwakusanya walioamshwa katika jumuiya na madarasa, ambako wangeweza kufundishwa na kutazamwa. Kadiri vyanzo vinavyoonyesha, hakutumia umbo moja lisilobadilika la kuwaita watu mbele.The way of inviting a response has changed over time. Wesley, in his open-air preaching, called on hearers to repent and believe, and then gathered those who were awakened into the societies and classes, where they could be taught and watched over. As far as the sources show, he did not use one fixed form of calling people forward.

Katika mpaka wa Amerika, mikutano ya kambi na uamsho wa Methodisti ilitumia mahali karibu na mbele, mara nyingi paliitwa benchi la wenye huzuni au madhabahu, ambapo watafutaji wangeweza kupiga magoti na kuomba pamoja na wengine. Wanahistoria hawakubaliani jinsi mazoea haya yalivyokua. Wengine wanayafuatilia hasa hadi mapokeo ya mikutano ya kambi ya Methodisti na ya mpakani. Wengine wanatoa uzito zaidi kwa mbinu za baadaye za uamsho za Charles Finney katika miaka ya 1830, ambazo zilijumuisha "kiti cha wenye wasiwasi" (anxious seat). Huenda mikondo kadhaa iliathiriana.On the American frontier, Methodist camp meetings and revivals made use of a place near the front, often called the mourners' bench or altar, where seekers could kneel and pray with others. Historians do not agree on how this practice grew. Some trace it chiefly to the Methodist and frontier camp meeting tradition. Others give more weight to the later revival methods of Charles Finney in the 1830s, which included an "anxious seat." It is likely that several streams influenced one another.

Mashirika ya Kiwesley leo, kama Kanisa la Nazarene na Kanisa la Wesleyan, kwa kawaida yameshika madhabahu katika ukumbi wa ibada kama mahali pa maombi kwa watafutaji na kwa waumini. Cha muhimu si umbo bali kusudi: kuwapa watu njia ya kweli na rahisi ya kumjibu Mungu, na kuhakikisha hawaachwi peke yao baadaye.Wesleyan bodies today, such as the Church of the Nazarene and The Wesleyan Church, have commonly kept an altar in the sanctuary as a place of prayer for seekers and for believers. What matters is not the form but the purpose: to give people a real and plain way to answer God, and to make sure they are not left alone afterward.

Pingamizi na Majibu ya KiwesleyObjections and Wesleyan Answers

Pingamizi 1: Kuhubiri kwa uamuzi ni ujanja. Kunategemea hisia, muziki na shinikizo.Objection 1: Decision preaching is manipulative. It depends on emotion, music and pressure.

Mikutano ya Wesley mwenyewe ilikosolewa kwa sababu hii. Shajara yake inaandika mikutano ambamo watu walilia kwa sauti au kuanguka chini, na baadhi ya wachungaji na maaskofu walipinga. Leo wakosoaji huonyesha idadi ya "maamuzi" ambayo hayakudumu.Wesley's own meetings were criticized for this reason. His Journal records meetings where people cried out or fell down, and some clergy and bishops objected. Today critics point to numbers of "decisions" that did not last.

Jibu letu. Wakosoaji wako sahihi kutuonya. Hisia si uthibitisho wa neema, na mhubiri hapaswi kutumia shinikizo, ahadi za uongo au hila. Wesley mwenyewe alitafuta matunda, si kelele: maisha yaliyobadilika kwa muda ndiyo yalikuwa kipimo. Tunakubaliana na hilo. Lakini Maandiko hayatutaki tuwe baridi. Petro aliwasihi wasikilizaji wake "kwa maneno mengine mengi" (Matendo 2:40). Jibu la Kiwesley ni kuhubiri injili nzima kwa uaminifu, bila ahadi ambayo Maandiko hayajaitoa, mwaliko rahisi, na ufuatiliaji wa kweli katika darasa au kikundi cha nyumbani. Mahali palipo na ufuatiliaji, hisia inayofifia haiamui jambo.Our answer. The critics are right to warn us. Emotion is not a proof of grace, and a preacher must not use pressure, false promises or tricks. Wesley himself looked for fruit, not noise: a changed life over time was the test. We agree with that. But Scripture does not ask us to be cold. Peter urged his hearers "with many other words" (Acts 2:40). The Wesleyan answer is honest preaching of the whole gospel, no promise that Scripture does not make, a plain invitation, and real follow-up in the class or home group. Where there is follow-up, a feeling that fades does not decide the matter.

Pingamizi 2: Kuita watu waamue kunafanya wokovu kuwa kazi ya binadamu na kunakana enzi kuu ya Mungu.Objection 2: Calling for a decision makes salvation a human work and denies God's sovereignty.

Baadhi ya Wakristo wa Reformed huogopa kwamba lugha ya "uamuzi" humweka mwenye dhambi kuwa msimamizi. Wanashikilia kwamba Mungu peke yake huchagua na kwamba mtu hawezi kuitikia isipokuwa Mungu amemfanya kwanza kuzaliwa upya. Wahubiri wa Kikalvini kama George Whitefield pia walihubiri kwa kila mtu na kuita watu watubu, na usomaji wa haki lazima useme hivyo.Some Reformed Christians fear that "decision" language puts the sinner in charge. They hold that God alone chooses and that a person cannot respond unless God has first regenerated him. Calvinist preachers such as George Whitefield also preached to everyone and called for repentance, and a fair reading must say so.

Jibu letu. Tunakubali kwamba wokovu ni zawadi: "mmeokolewa kwa neema, kwa njia ya imani; wala hilo halikutokana na nafsi zenu" (Waefeso 2:8). Imani si kazi inayopata chochote; ni mkono mtupu unaopokea. Pia tunashikilia kwamba neema itangulizayo ya Mungu hufanya jibu liwezekane, kwa hiyo utukufu bado ni wa Mungu. Biblia inasema kwa njia zote mbili: Mungu huvuta (Yohana 6:44), na msikilizaji anaambiwa, "Leo, kama mtaisikia sauti yake, msiifanye migumu mioyo yenu" (Waebrania 3:15). Tunaamini kwamba upendo wa Mungu kwa wote na jibu la kweli la mwanadamu vinaungwa mkono vyema na Maandiko yote kuliko mtazamo ambao mwito ni wa kweli kwa baadhi tu.Our answer. We agree that salvation is a gift: "by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves" (Ephesians 2:8). Faith is not a work that earns anything; it is the empty hand that receives. We also hold that God's prevenient grace makes the response possible, so the glory still belongs to God. The Bible speaks both ways: God draws (John 6:44), and the hearer is told, "Today, if you will hear His voice, do not harden your hearts" (Hebrews 3:15). We believe that God's universal love and a real human answer are better supported by the whole of Scripture than a view in which the call is sincere only to some.

Pingamizi 3: Mahubiri yanapaswa kufundisha, na uinjilisti ni wa mikutano maalum.Objection 3: A sermon should teach, and evangelism belongs to special meetings.

Baadhi ya wachungaji hudhani mahubiri ya Jumapili ni kwa ajili ya waumini peke yao.Some pastors think the Sunday sermon is for believers only.

Jibu letu. Kila kanisa lina watu wasiomjua Kristo, wakiwemo watoto, wageni na washiriki wa kanisa ambao hawajawahi kumgeukia Mungu kweli. Wesley alionya kuhusu "Mkristo karibu" (almost Christian), yule mwenye umbo la dini lakini asiye na nguvu yake. Mchungaji wa Kiwesley hutarajia kwamba mtu aliye chumbani anahitaji kusikia mwito wa kutubu na kuamini, na pia kwamba mtu mwingine anahitaji kutiwa nguvu kwa ajili ya safari.Our answer. Every congregation includes people who do not know Christ, including children, visitors and church members who have never truly turned to God. Wesley warned about the "almost Christian," one who has the form of religion without its power. A Wesleyan pastor expects that someone in the room needs to hear the call to repent and believe, and also that someone needs to be strengthened for the road.

Matumizi ya KichungajiPastoral Application

Mchungaji Elena anaandaa mahubiri yake kuhusu Luka 15, mwana mpotevu. Jumapili hii kutakuwa na aina kadhaa za watu. Wageni wengine wanatoka katika malezi ya Kikatoliki na hawajawahi kusikia mwaliko wa aina hii. Washiriki wazee wengine wamekuwa kanisani kwa miaka arobaini na wamechoka. Baba kijana ameacha kuhudhuria kwa miezi kadhaa.Pastor Elena prepares her sermon on Luke 15, the lost son. This Sunday there will be several kinds of people. Some visitors come from a Catholic background and have never heard an invitation of this kind. Some older members have been in church for forty years and are tired. A young father has stopped attending for months.

Anaandika hoja kuu kwa sentensi moja: "Baba hukimbia kumlaki yule anayegeukia nyumbani." Anasema wazi na anatumia sentensi fupi, kwa sababu wasikilizaji kadhaa husoma Kihispania vizuri kuliko Kiingereza. Anaonyesha hitaji la mwana, na makaribisho ya Baba, na pia anamsemesha kwa upole kaka mkubwa, aliyesimama nje ya karamu. Anawaalika wale wanaotaka kurudi kwa Mungu waje mbele madhabahuni, na anasema wengine wanaweza kubaki wameketi na kuomba pale walipo. Anawaomba washiriki wawili waliokomaa waombe pamoja na yeyote atakayekuja. Anawaambia wageni, kwa fadhili, kwamba anafurahi walikuja, na kwamba hakuna kitu hapa kilichokusudiwa kuwaaibisha.She writes the main point in one sentence: "The Father runs to meet the one who turns toward home." She speaks plainly and uses short sentences, because several hearers read Spanish better than English. She shows the son's need, and the Father's welcome, and she also speaks gently to the elder brother, who stood outside the feast. She invites those who want to come home to God to come forward to the altar, and she says that others may stay seated and pray where they are. She asks two mature members to pray with anyone who comes. She tells the visitors, kindly, that she is glad they came, and that nothing here is meant to shame them.

Wakati wa juma anamtembelea baba kijana na kuwaalika wageni kwenye kikundi cha nyumbani cha Jumatano. Mahubiri yalifungua mlango; kikundi kinawasaidia watu kuupitia.During the week she visits the young father and invites the visitors to the Wednesday home group. The sermon opened the door; the group helps people walk through it.

MuhtasariSummary

Wawesley huhubiri kwa ajili ya uamuzi kwa sababu Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya wote, kwa sababu neema itangulizayo ya Mungu hufanya jibu liwezekane, na kwa sababu neema inaweza kupingwa. Picha ya Wesley ya nyumba, ambayo toba ni baraza, imani ni mlango na utakatifu ni nyumba, humpa mhubiri muhtasari wa huduma nzima. Waumini pia wanahitaji mahubiri ya ukuaji: uhakika wa wokovu, upendo mkamilifu, njia za neema na maonyo ya Maandiko, yote ndani ya shauri lote la Mungu. Mahubiri rahisi ya Kiwesley huanzia kwenye andiko hadi hoja kuu, maelezo rahisi, dhamiri, Kristo, mwaliko na hatua inayofuata. Wanahistoria hawakubaliani jinsi mwaliko wa madhabahuni ulivyokua, lakini kusudi lake ni njia wazi ya kumjibu Mungu pamoja na ufuatiliaji. Tulijibu pingamizi kwamba kuhubiri kwa uamuzi ni ujanja, kwamba kunafanya wokovu kuwa kazi ya binadamu, na kwamba uinjilisti ni wa nje ya ibada ya Jumapili.Wesleyans preach for a decision because Christ died for all, because God's prevenient grace makes an answer possible, and because grace can be resisted. Wesley's picture of the house, with repentance as the porch, faith as the door and holiness as the house, gives a preacher an outline for a whole ministry. Believers also need preaching for growth: assurance, perfect love, the means of grace and the warnings of Scripture, all within the whole counsel of God. A plain Wesleyan sermon moves from the text to a main point, plain explanation, the conscience, Christ, an invitation and a next step. Historians disagree about how the altar invitation developed, but its purpose is a clear way to answer God with follow-up. We answered the objections that decision preaching is manipulative, that it makes salvation a human work, and that evangelism belongs outside the Sunday service.

Usomaji ZaidiFurther Reading

• John Wesley, "Salvation by Faith" (Wokovu kwa Imani) na "The Almost Christian" (Mkristo Karibu), katika Mahubiri ya Kawaida (Standard Sermons).• John Wesley, "Salvation by Faith" and "The Almost Christian," in the Standard Sermons.

• John Wesley, dibaji ya Sermons on Several Occasions (Mahubiri ya Matukio Mbalimbali), chanzo cha msingi.• John Wesley, preface to the Sermons on Several Occasions, a primary source.

• John Wesley, "The Scripture Way of Salvation" (Njia ya Kimaandiko ya Wokovu), katika Mahubiri ya Kawaida (Standard Sermons).• John Wesley, "The Scripture Way of Salvation," in the Standard Sermons.

• John Wesley, Notes on the New Testament (Maelezo juu ya Agano Jipya), kuhusu Matendo 2 na 2 Wakorintho 5.• John Wesley, Notes on the New Testament, on Acts 2 and 2 Corinthians 5.

• The Journal of John Wesley (Shajara ya John Wesley), kuhusu kuhubiri nje kwa mwanzo na majibu yaliyofuata.• The Journal of John Wesley, on the early field preaching and the reactions to it.

• The Journal of Francis Asbury (Shajara ya Francis Asbury), chanzo cha msingi kuhusu kuhubiri kwa mpakani.• The Journal of Francis Asbury, a primary source on frontier preaching.

• Nyimbo za Charles Wesley, kwa lugha ya Kiwesley ya mwaliko na utakatifu.• Charles Wesley's hymns, for the Wesleyan language of invitation and holiness.

• Kozi 2 (fundisho la wokovu) na Kozi 3 (utakatifu) za mkondo huu wa masomo.• Course 2 (doctrine of salvation) and Course 3 (holiness) of this specialization.

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