📖 Kitabu cha Zaburi — Sehemu ya 6: Zaburi 22, Zaburi ya Kimasihi📖 The Book of Psalms — Unit 6: Psalm 22, The Messianic Psalm

1. Zaburi ya Msalaba1. The Psalm of the Cross

Zaburi 22 imeitwa "Zaburi ya Msalaba," na kwa sababu nzuri. Iliandikwa na Daudi takriban miaka elfu moja kabla Yesu hajazaliwa, nayo inaeleza tukio la mateso kwa undani na kwa usahihi kiasi kwamba inasomeka si kama uzoefu wa mfalme wa kale bali kama ushuhuda wa mtu aliyeshuhudia kwa macho yake Kalvari. Inaanza kwa maneno yale yale ambayo Bwana wetu alilia msalabani, na inapitia mikono na miguu iliyotobolewa, kiu kali, watazamaji wanaodhihaki, na kupigiwa kura kwa nguo za yule anayeteseka — kisha, kwa namna ya ajabu, inageuka kutoka maumivu makali hadi ushindi na kuishia kwa ibada ya ulimwengu mzima. Hii ni mojawapo ya zaburi kuu za kimasihi, dirisha lililofunguliwa miaka elfu moja mapema kuelekea kifo na ushindi wa Kristo.Psalm 22 has been called "the Psalm of the Cross," and with good reason. Written by David roughly a thousand years before Jesus was born, it describes a scene of suffering so detailed and so specific that it reads less like the experience of an ancient king and more like an eyewitness account of Calvary. It opens with the very words our Lord cried from the cross, and it moves through pierced hands and feet, parched thirst, mocking onlookers, and gambling for the sufferer's clothing — and then, remarkably, it turns from agony to triumph and ends on a note of worldwide worship. This is one of the great Messianic psalms, a window opened a thousand years in advance onto the death and victory of Christ.

Wayahudi waliiimba zaburi hii kwa karne nyingi bila kuielewa kikamilifu. Wimbo wa mateso ya ndani namna hii ungewezaje kuwa wa Daudi, aliyekufa kitandani mwake akiwa mzee? Jibu ni kwamba Daudi, akiongozwa na Roho wa Mungu, alikuwa akiandika habari za mtu aliye mkuu kuliko yeye — Mwana ambaye siku moja angetundikwa juu ya msalaba wa Kirumi na kubeba dhambi za ulimwengu.The Jewish people sang this psalm for centuries without fully understanding it. How could a song of such intimate suffering belong to David, who died in his bed an old man? The answer is that David, moved by the Spirit of God, was writing of someone greater than himself — the Son who would one day hang upon a Roman cross and carry the sins of the world.

2. Filipo na Mkushi2. Philip and the Ethiopian

Katika kitabu cha Matendo, afisa mmoja wa Kushi (Ethiopia) anarudi nyumbani akiwa garini mwake, akisoma kwa sauti kitabu cha nabii Isaya, Filipo anapotumwa na Roho ili ajiunge naye. Mtu huyo amechanganyikiwa: nabii anasema habari za nani? Akianza kwa kifungu kile kile cha Maandiko ya Agano la Kale, Filipo alimhubiri Yesu. Angalia somo hili: towashi huyo alikuwa na Agano la Kale tu mikononi mwake, lakini hilo lilitosha, kwa sababu Agano la Kale limejaa Kristo. Filipo alichukua andiko la kale la Kiebrania na kutoka hapo akahubiri Injili. Ndivyo ilivyo pia kwa Zaburi 22. Mtu aliye na Agano la Kale tu anayo, katika zaburi hii moja, picha ya Mwokozi aliyesulibiwa na kufufuka iliyo wazi kiasi cha kumwongoza kwenye imani.In the book of Acts, an Ethiopian official is riding home in his chariot, reading aloud from the prophet Isaiah, when Philip is sent by the Spirit to join him. The man is puzzled: of whom does the prophet speak? Beginning at that very passage of Old Testament Scripture, Philip preached Jesus to him. Notice the lesson: the eunuch had only the Old Testament in his hands, yet that was enough, because the Old Testament is full of Christ. Philip took an ancient Hebrew text and from it preached the gospel. The same is true of Psalm 22. A person who has only the Old Testament has, in this single psalm, a portrait of the crucified and risen Savior clear enough to lead them to faith.

3. Maana ya "Kutimizwa"3. What It Means to Be "Fulfilled"

Tunaposema kwamba zaburi kama hii "imetimizwa" katika Kristo, tunapaswa kuelewa neno hilo linaweza kumaanisha nini, kwa kuwa linafanya kazi kwa njia zaidi ya moja. Kulingana na wanafunzi makini wa Maandiko, unabii unaweza kutimizwa angalau kwa maana tatu. Kwanza, kuna utabiri wa moja kwa moja: jambo linatabiriwa waziwazi kisha linatukia, kama Isaya alivyotabiri kuangamizwa kwa Babeli muda mrefu kabla haujaanguka. Pili, kuna kivuli cha mambo yajayo: jambo la awali ni picha au mfano (kielelezo) wa jambo kubwa zaidi, kama dhabihu za wanyama za Agano la Kale zilivyokuwa kivuli cha, na kutimizwa katika, dhabihu moja ya Kristo. Tatu, kuna marejeo sambamba au marejeo maradufu: lugha inayoeleza tukio moja lakini pia, chini ya mkono wa Roho, inaeleza tukio jingine. Zaburi 22 ina sifa hii ya tatu kwa nguvu — Daudi alisema kutokana na dhiki yake mwenyewe, lakini maneno yake yanafika mbali kupita yeye hadi msalabani.When we say a psalm like this is "fulfilled" in Christ, we should understand what the word can mean, for it works in more than one way. According to careful students of Scripture, a prophecy may be fulfilled in at least three senses. First, there is direct prediction: something is clearly foretold and then comes to pass, as when Isaiah predicted the destruction of Babylon long before it fell. Second, there is foreshadowing: an earlier thing is a picture or type of something greater, as the animal sacrifices of the Old Testament foreshadowed and were fulfilled in the one sacrifice of Christ. Third, there is parallel or double reference: language that describes one event but also, under the Spirit's hand, describes another. Psalm 22 carries this third quality powerfully — David spoke out of his own anguish, yet the words reach far beyond him to the cross.

4. Kilio cha Upweke4. The Cry of Loneliness

Haya ndiyo maneno ya kwanza yaliyoandikwa ambayo Yesu alilia msalabani, akiinukuu zaburi hii moja kwa moja: "Mungu wangu, Mungu wangu, mbona umeniacha?" Kati ya maumivu yote ya kusulibiwa, haya ndiyo yaliyokuwa mazito kuliko yote. Baba alikuwa pamoja na Mwana katika maisha yake yote — katika ubatizo wake, juu ya mlima, bustanini. Kwa nini amwache sasa, katika saa ya giza kuu? Jibu ndilo kiini cha Injili: wakati huo Mwana alikuwa akibeba dhambi ya ulimwengu, na Mungu mtakatifu aliugeuza uso wake mbali na dhambi aliyoibeba Mwanawe. Yesu alistahimili kuachwa tuliokustahili sisi ili sisi tusije tukaachwa kamwe. Alitengwa na Mungu ili sisi tuweze kuletwa karibu.These are the first recorded words Jesus cried from the cross, quoting this psalm directly: "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?" Of all the pains of the crucifixion, this was the deepest. The Father had been with the Son throughout His entire life — at His baptism, on the mountain, in the garden. Why abandon Him now, in the darkest hour? The answer is the heart of the gospel: in that moment the Son was bearing the sin of the world, and a holy God turned His face away from the sin His Son carried. Jesus endured the forsakenness we deserved so that we might never be forsaken. He was cut off from God so that we could be brought near.

5. Mateso Yanayoelezwa5. The Suffering Described

Sehemu ya katikati ya zaburi inasomeka kama maelezo ya kitabibu ya kifo kwa kusulibiwa, yaliyoandikwa karne nyingi kabla aina hiyo ya adhabu ya kifo haijaanza kutumika. "Nimemwagika kama maji, mifupa yangu yote imeteguka" inaeleza mwili unaoning'inia kwa uzito wake wenyewe, viungo vikivutwa kutengana. "Moyo wangu umekuwa kama nta, na kuyeyuka ndani ya mtima wangu" inazungumzia moyo unaoshindwa. Kisha unafuata mstari wa kushangaza kuliko yote: "Wamenitoboa mikono na miguu" — picha sahihi ya kusulibiwa iliyoandikwa na mtu ambaye hakuwahi kuona kusulibiwa hata mara moja. Daudi alikufa kwa uzee; mikono na miguu yake haikutobolewa kamwe. Alikuwa akimweleza Mwingine. Kuzunguka msalaba askari walipiga kura kwa ajili ya nguo za Yesu, kama vile zaburi inavyosema, "Wanagawana nguo zangu, na vazi langu wanalipigia kura" (Zaburi 22:18).The middle of the psalm reads like a medical description of death by crucifixion, written centuries before that form of execution was practiced. "I am poured out like water, and all My bones are out of joint" describes a body hanging by its own weight, joints pulled apart. "My heart is like wax; it has melted within Me" speaks of the failing heart. And then the most astonishing line of all: "They pierced My hands and My feet" — a precise picture of crucifixion set down by a man who had never seen one. David died of old age; his hands and feet were never pierced. He was describing Another. Around the cross the soldiers gambled for Jesus' garments, just as the psalm says, "They divide My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots" (Psalm 22:18).

6. Kutoka Maumivu Makali Hadi Ushindi6. From Agony to Triumph

Kama zaburi ingeishia kwenye mateso, ingekuwa msiba mtupu. Lakini haiishii hapo. Karibu katikati yake, sauti inageuka. Yule anayeteseka aliyelia kwa kuachwa anaanza kutangaza uaminifu wa Mungu, na kufikia mwisho zaburi imekuwa wimbo mkuu wa ushindi. Inatazamia siku ambayo "miisho yote ya dunia itakumbuka, na kumrudia BWANA; jamaa zote za mataifa watamsujudia wewe" (Zaburi 22:27).If the psalm ended at the suffering, it would be only a tragedy. But it does not end there. About halfway through, the tone turns. The sufferer who cried out in abandonment begins to declare the faithfulness of God, and by the close the psalm has become a great hymn of victory. It looks forward to a day when "all the ends of the world shall remember and turn to the LORD, and all the families of the nations shall worship before You" (Psalm 22:27).

"Ndiye aliyefanya" — Kiebrania kina maana ya kazi iliyokamilika, na inashangaza kwamba mojawapo ya maneno ya mwisho ambayo Yesu alisema msalabani lilikuwa, "Imekwisha." Zaburi iliyoanza kwa kilio cha kwanza cha msalaba inafunga kwa kilio cha mwisho. Kutoka katika giza zito kuliko yote, kazi ya wokovu inakamilishwa, na habari zake zinaenea kwa watu ambao bado hawajazaliwa — kwetu sisi."That He has done this" — the Hebrew carries the sense of a finished work, and it is striking that one of the last words Jesus spoke from the cross was, "It is finished." The psalm that opened with the first cry of the cross closes with the last. From the deepest darkness, the work of salvation is accomplished, and the news of it goes out to a people not yet born — to us.

7. Chachu ya Kushiriki Injili7. A Springboard for the Gospel

Kwa kuwa Zaburi 22 ni picha iliyo wazi namna hiyo ya Kristo iliyochorwa kikamilifu kutoka Maandiko ya Kiebrania, ni mojawapo ya vifungu vyenye manufaa zaidi katika Biblia kwa kushiriki Injili na mtu anayeliheshimu Agano la Kale lakini bado hamjui Yesu. Kama Filipo na yule Mkushi, mwamini anaweza kuanza papo hapo kwa andiko hili na kumhubiri Yesu. Fikiria umeketi na rafiki Myahudi ambaye ana Agano la Kale tu nyumbani kwake. Huhitaji kubishana; unahitaji tu kufungua Zaburi 22 pamoja naye na kuisoma polepole. Ni nani huyu anayeteseka, aliyeachwa, ambaye nguo zake zimepigiwa kura, ambaye dhiki yake inaishia katika ibada ya ulimwengu mzima? Andiko linauliza swali; Roho analijibu. (Tahadhari moja ya kweli kwa maandalizi: baadhi ya miswada ya Kiebrania ya mstari wa 16 inasoma "kama simba" badala ya "wamenitoboa" — tofauti ya herufi moja tu ya Kiebrania. Ushahidi wa miswada ya zamani zaidi, ikiwemo Hati-kunjo za Bahari ya Chumvi, unaunga mkono "wamenitoboa," ndiyo sababu karibu kila tafsiri inasoma hivyo — lakini rafiki Myahudi aliyesoma sana anaweza kuuliza swali hilo, na ni afadhali kulijua suala hilo kuliko kushtukizwa nalo.)Because Psalm 22 is so vivid a portrait of Christ drawn entirely from the Hebrew Scriptures, it is one of the most useful passages in the Bible for sharing the gospel with someone who honors the Old Testament but does not yet know Jesus. Like Philip with the Ethiopian, a believer can begin right at this Scripture and preach Jesus. Imagine sitting with a Jewish friend who has only the Old Testament in his home. You need not argue; you need only open Psalm 22 together and read it slowly. Who is this sufferer, forsaken, with garments gambled away, whose anguish ends in worldwide worship? The text raises the question; the Spirit answers it. (One honest note of preparation: some Hebrew manuscripts of verse 16 read "like a lion" rather than "pierced" — a difference of a single Hebrew letter. Older manuscript evidence, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, favors "pierced," which is why nearly every translation reads that way — but a well-read Jewish friend may raise the question, and it is better to know the issue than to be caught off guard by it.)

8. Mungu Aliyeachwa kwa Ajili Yetu8. The God Who Was Forsaken for Us

Hatimaye Zaburi 22 haihusu mateso ya Daudi wala hasa jinsi kusulibiwa kulivyofanyika. Inahusu upendo. Inatuonyesha Mwokozi aliyeingia gizani kwa makusudi, ambaye hakusikia jibu kwa kilio chake ili sisi tusije tukakutana na ukimya kamwe, ambaye alimwagwa kama maji ili sisi tujazwe. Zaburi ile ile inayoandika hatua ya chini kabisa ya historia ya wanadamu inaandika pia mabadiliko yake makuu kuliko yote, kwa kuwa kifo inachokieleza kilikuwa mlango wa uzima kwa jamaa zote za dunia.Psalm 22 is finally not about David's suffering or even chiefly about the mechanics of crucifixion. It is about love. It shows us a Savior who went into the darkness on purpose, who heard no answer to His cry so that we would never be met with silence, who was poured out like water so that we could be filled. The same psalm that records the lowest point of human history records its greatest turning point, for the death it describes became the doorway to life for all the families of the earth.

Unaposoma zaburi hii, usiisome kama unabii wa mbali tu. Isome kama zawadi yako binafsi. Yule aliyeachwa aliachwa kwa ajili yako. Mikono iliyotobolewa ilitobolewa kwa ajili yako. Na kazi iliyokamilika imekamilika kwa ajili yako. Jibu linalofaa kwa Zaburi 22 ni lile ambalo zaburi yenyewe inaliita mwishoni mwake: kukumbuka, kumrudia BWANA, na kumwabudu katikati ya kusanyiko kubwa la wale waliokombolewa.When you read this psalm, do not read it as a distant prophecy only. Read it as a personal gift. The forsaken One was forsaken for you. The pierced hands were pierced for you. And the finished work is finished for you. The proper response to Psalm 22 is the response the psalm itself calls for at its end: to remember, to turn to the LORD, and to worship Him among the great congregation of those who have been redeemed.

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